Taught by
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Taught by
Stephen ArmstrongAs we exit Chapter 4 and enter Chapter 5, Paul has effectively argued that Law is not the means to our salvation
In fact, it never accomplished that purpose and it can never do so
Using Sarah and Hagar as an allegory, Paul stressed that even the Law itself teaches God justifies through faith alone
We ended Chapter 4 last week teaching that we are children of Sarah, children who depend on God’s promises
Rather than children of Hagar, who seek to be justified through works of flesh
So as we enter Chapter 5, Paul is ready to wrap back around to the doctrine of soteriology
First, Paul will remind the church that any dependence on the Law instead of grace for righteousness is a no-win proposition
One that demands perfect compliance
But then Paul will turn in a new direction
This new direction is explaining how a Christian lives under grace instead of law
Since the Law of Moses is no longer our guide for living, the question becomes how should a Christian follow the Lord?
While it’s easy to understand how grace saved us from the penalty of sin
How does it preserve us from the reality of sin?
If the Law doesn’t regulate our lives, what does?
So the outline for tonight in Chapter 5 has three points
First, Paul discusses two extreme and incorrect responses to grace
On the one hand, we can make the mistake of trying to combine grace and Law
On the other hand, we can make the opposite mistake of living a licentious lifestyle with no regulation or limits
Then thirdly, Paul will explain the proper middle ground that all Christians should seek
That is living in the grace of God, enjoying the freedom won for us on the cross
While always remaining under the control of the Spirit in holiness and self-restraint
Turning to Chapter 5, Paul opens with a thesis statement to set up the rest of the chapter
Paul’s opening statement sets forth the principle of a Christian’s relationship to the Law of Moses
There is no stronger statement in all the Bible on this topic
Highlight it, underline it, memorize it, and follow it
So much burden, misery, heartache and confusion could have been avoided in the history of the church if only more Christians understood this verse
First, Paul says it was for our freedom that Christ set us free
Christ released us from the obligations of the Mosaic Law so that we might serve Him freely
Under the Law, Gods people endured severe restrictions on the ways they could serve the Lord
The Law restricted who could serve
When they could serve
How they could serve
And even the audience they could reach
But now Christ has fulfilled all that the Law required, both in His life and in His death
Jesus fulfilled our obligations under the Law on our behalf, so all that the Law required has been met in Him
That’s why Christ declared on the cross that it is finished
He was referring to His work under the Law
The work of keeping Law was finished
And the penalties of the Law had been paid
Therefore the Law itself was “finished” for those who accept Jesus’ accomplishment on their behalf
Therefore, we are now free to serve God without concern for what the Law says about who, when and how we may serve
Paul says Christ came for this very purpose, to set us free from these restrictions
Obviously, the first purpose in setting us free from Law was to save us from the penalty of the Law for our sin
We now live in freedom from fear of death and the judgment that follows
What a difference it makes to serve the Lord without guilt or fear!
We serve Christ free from such worries and burdens
But secondly, Christ fulfilled the Law so that we would not need to be burdened by trying to do it ourselves, for we could not possibly meet its requirements anyway
What a shame it is when we refuse to take advantage of the very freedom Christ has won for us
Imagine yourself living as a slave, when the king pledges his entire fortune to win your freedom from your master
By His grace, you are set free from your enslavement
But then imagine that despite the king’s payment, you voluntarily choose to remain in your enslavement
You opt to continue suffering under your burdens
Burdens the king paid dearly to remove
How do you think the king would view your return to slavery?
Would he be happy?
Essentially, this is the situation Christians assume when they legalistically mix grace and Law
They assume upon themselves a limited form of slavery, thinking they please the Lord by voluntarily adopting restrictions He intended for an entirely different purpose
In reality, they throw His gift of freedom in His face, so to speak
They refuse to live in the freedom Christ won through His perfect life and sacrificial death
They haven’t lost salvation, of course, but they are forfeiting the freedom grace provides
In his letter to the Colossians, Paul warns the church not to succumb to pressure to re-enter slavery to Law
Paul commands us not to allow someone to defraud us of our prize
The “prize” is a reference to liberty, that is our freedom to live without regard to Law
Paul says if we have died with Christ to the Law, then why act as if such restrictions still have power over us?
Clearly, such a lifestyle is not only unnecessary
It is also sin, because it testifies to a lie that Christians must keep the Law
This is why Paul taught earlier in this letter that we do not have the liberty to place ourselves back under Law in a systematic fashion
We may have liberty to enjoy on occasion certain memorials or other rituals taken from the Law
But we do not have liberty to reimpose a lifestyle of slavery to Law in an attempt to mimic or recreate the Jewish lifestyle
Doing so is an affront to the work of Christ on the cross
Instead, Paul gives us a command to keep standing firm and not be subject to a yoke of slavery
Paul’s command is in the active imperative voice, which means we must continuously make effort to keep this command
We must actively protect our freedom, standing unwaveringly in the confidence that we do not need the Law for anything
Men will come along from time to time, trying to convince us that slavery to Old Testament rules and regulation is necessary for our righteousness
But Paul says we must continuously resist such men and their teaching
As James Montgomery Boice said:
Secondly, Paul says do not be subject…
The English phrase “do not be subject” in Greek means to fall into entanglement
The sense here is being caught in a trap from which we cannot escape
So we cannot allow ourselves to become entrapped by clear argument, twisted use of scripture, debates over meanings of words or an appeal to tradition over the word of God
Legalism, whether to the Law of Moses or some other set of rules, can sound seductive and become a persuasive trap
It is set by those who do not understand our freedom in grace
They often have very deep and convoluted arguments, usually based on twisting Hebrew or Greek words, emphasizing history and the Old Testament commands to the Jews
If we are not prepared to stand firm in the Bible’s teaching, we can easily find ourselves taken away by the arguments, leading us to fall into the trap
Paul calls the burden and restriction of the Law of Moses a “yoke”
We are like that slave voluntarily re-entering slavery even after freedom has been purchased
If we are ever fooled into thinking that Law has a place in our Christian walk, we place a yoke of slavery on our necks
Remember from our prior studies in Exodus that the Law is a single, indivisible entity
We cannot divide the Law into parts, like ceremonial or moral law
We cannot divide the ten commandments out from the rest
It is all or none, and Paul says we owe it nothing because Christ has met it all
So either you wear the entire yoke or you throw it off once and for all
Having set forth the principle of Christian freedom, Paul now addresses the first error of attempting to unite Christ and Law together in the Christian experience
Paul gives clear and bold direction to the church (I, Paul, say to you…) in direct contradiction to the teaching of the Judaizers
Paul says to receive circumcision means that Christ was of no benefit to you
These verses are often a source of some confusion or bad doctrine because we fail to see the nuances of Paul’s argument
But when we examine the text carefully, it comes together properly
Paul teaches a conditional cause–and–effect relationship
The condition is if someone (a man, obviously) receives circumcision
Paul’s verb conjugation implies a willing acceptance on the part of the man to receive circumcision along with all that circumcision represents
A person who receives circumcision is agreeing with all that the Judaizers were teaching concerning Law
He agreed that salvation was by means of the Jewish Law and lifestyle
He agreed that the death of Christ was not sufficient to save
He was demonstrating that his trust for eternal life resided in the keeping of Law instead of trusting solely in the work of Christ
So for that person, Paul says Christ is of no benefit
If we add anything to the work of Christ, we nullify belief in Christ
Many people have tried to “roll their own” formula of salvation
They take a little of religion “A” and some of religion “B” and concoct their own recipe for salvation
Paul says if you have added Christ to such a recipe, you might as well subtract Christ from your recipe, because He’s of no benefit under such circumstances
There is no point in adding Christ to a formula that includes other steps or requirements, because grace doesn’t work that way
The Gospel declares we are saved by our trust in Christ alone
And if we place our trust in anything else – whether works of Law or other gods or acts of the flesh – then it demonstrates we haven’t placed our trust in Christ
Therefore, Christ does nothing for our salvation in such a situation
So Paul says adding circumcision to Christ effectively denies Christ in the process
Just as when the Catholic Church teaches that salvation is a combination of faith in Christ plus doing penance, it denies Christ
Just as when the Mormons teach that salvation is a combination of Christ plus good works and temple observances, they deny Christ
Just as when so-called Messianic Christian movements require adherence to the Mosaic Law as a condition of righteousness, they deny that Christ is sufficient to bring us righteousness
And to emphasize his point, Paul repeats himself in v.3
He says that if someone receives circumcision, they show they place their trust in the Law to obtain righteousness
Such a person is expecting to be granted eternal life on the basis of their works under the Law, beginning with taking circumcision
Paul says if you choose that route, you had better be prepared to keep the entire Law and to do so perfectly forever
Because there is no credit to be gained for partial compliance with the Law of Moses
God designed His Law to be an all-or-nothing standard for good reason
He wanted to demonstrate to us that we are unrighteous and in need of grace
So we get no benefit for keeping even 99% of it
To break one Law, James says, is equal to violating all the Law
So the Law’s standard is unforgiving and impossible
Therefore, Paul says the one who receives circumcision is obligated to keep all the Law since they are placing their trust in it for righteousness
And of course, this is an impossible standard, which God designed to be futile
Therefore, every man or woman who places his trust in Law will be disappointed in the end
They will find that neither their justification nor their sanctification will have been achieved by that method
Certainly, trusting the Law for salvation reveals the absence of saving faith in a person’s heart, but a believer relying on the Law for sanctification is equally wrong
Christians who have been deceived into thinking that following some or all of the Mosaic Law will achieve greater holiness have also missed the point of the Law
God is not pleased with partial obedience
Even if a Christian should keep 612 of the 613 Laws of the Old Testament Law, they would still have failed to please the Lord
Because even jut one violation of the Law leaves us guilty of all the Law
Technically, we are just as sinful had we failed to keep all the Law
But partial obedience to the Law is the only thing possible, as God has intended
The temple and Jewish priesthood have been destroyed
So it is literally impossible to accomplish most of the Law’s requirements
Therefore, if we place our trust in the Law for our sanctification, we will always be frustrated
For the same reason Jews of today are frustrated in their attempts to seek justification by Law
The writer of Hebrews tells us God took away the ability of men to keep the Law so that we would understand He had provided a better way
To sum up, Paul says in v.4 that anyone who takes circumcision in the belief it will make him more righteous has been severed from Christ and fallen from grace
Because they have placed their trust in the Law, they benefit none at all from knowing of Christ and the Gospel
Some have read these words and concluded Paul was describing a believer losing his salvation
But the context of Paul’s argument (to say nothing of the rest of the New Testament) precludes that interpretation
Paul is speaking of someone who has never come to faith in the first place
Look back to the description in v.2 where Paul said that taking circumcision means you have not benefitted from Christ
Christ doesn’t provide benefit when combined with other sources of righteousness
It’s like adding a useless ingredient in any recipe
You might as well leave the ingredient out
So Paul said such a combination is pointless, and demonstrates the person is still relying on works rather than on faith alone
Therefore, Paul says that when we depend on something other than Christ, we are forfeiting any benefit from Christ
We are severed from Christ in the sense that we gain no benefit from adding Him to our recipe of salvation
We have fallen from grace in the sense that we have come up short of accepting God’s grace on its own terms
Like someone who leaves his fiancé at the altar
They got close to a lasting relationship, but in the end they came up short of a true marriage
The writer of Hebrews speaks in similar terms about someone who fails to embraced the Gospel in faith
Or later he says
The writer says that some may “come short” of the grace of God, which is similar to the phrase Paul uses here in Galatians
Coming short of something implies not fully receiving or accepting it
They hear the message, perhaps joining themselves for a time, but eventually something reveals their false heart
Like when the Galatians willingly receive circumcision and accept the teaching that Law was a necessary part of the Christian experience
They are coming up short of grace
In contrast to falling from grace, true Christians depend upon faith exclusively, Paul says
In vs.5-6, Paul says we (the Christians) are those who by the Spirit are content to wait for the righteousness to come, through the faith we have been given
We too desire righteousness
But we don’t seek to obtain it through the works of our flesh by following a Law we know we cannot keep in the first place
Instead, we hope for righteousness, trusting it will be ours one day in the future, by God’s grace through our faith
We understand that our faith will bring us righteousness in a future day of God’s choosing
We will receive a glorified body by His power
And the moment of our glorification will be our moment of true righteousness
And that in the meantime, we depend on the Spirit to lead us toward sanctification
We don’t fool ourselves concerning our ability to become righteous through our works
We know we continue to fall short of God’s glory each day
Yet each day we move closer to Christ, knowing we are promised better things in the future
Simply put, nothing a Christian accomplishes by flesh moves us a step closer to our ultimate righteousness
It is not as though our righteousness is a tank becoming a little fuller each day by our works
In reality, it is a story of two tanks
Our spirit tank is already filled by Christ’s righteousness
While our flesh tank remains as bankrupt as ever
So we are not to waste time trying to fill our flesh tank with righteousness
Because we simply cannot fill it enough to please God
And in the end, God will replace it
So keeping Law does nothing to bring us closer to sanctification
Whether we are circumcised or not
Whether we are abstaining from certain foods or not
Whether we are observing certain festivals, days of rest or whatever
These things are not our path to righteousness
Neither for justification nor for sanctification
The recipe for sanctification must be the same as for justification
It comes by grace alone through faith in Jesus Christ
As Paul says, faith working through love
This is the recipe for godliness and pleasing God
This is the full sense of freedom and liberty
God has already done the work of righteousness
He has already granted us a spirit of righteousness
And one day in the future, He will grant us a body of righteousness
So we are freed to serve Him without concern for recovering from our sin or achieving righteousness
Those things are settled, so now we just serve Him freely
All our worries for righteousness have been settled at the cross
So why then remain preoccupied with seeking righteousness by Law or any other means apart from faith alone?
This church knew these things at one point in the past, when Paul taught them originally, but they have since slipped back
This church was running well, Paul says, but someone hindered them from obeying the truth
The church had been running well
Like a foot race, our spiritual life is a test of endurance requiring effort and leading to reward if we persevere
And then Paul extends the metaphor by asking who hindered them?
The Greek word for hinder means to impede, as in to block the path of a runner
So Paul asks the church rhetorically, who is standing in your path on the way to the finishing line?
To drive the knife even deeper, Paul says they weren’t being persuaded by the Lord, Who called them into faith
Instead, this teaching was the product of a sinful motive
Like leaven in a lump of dough, the church was introduced to false teaching, which was polluting the entire body
And once again, the obvious answer to the question of “who” was the Judaizers
These men were disturbing the church, Paul says, and they will bear God’s judgment for their false teaching
They were the ones placing stumbling blocks in front of the Church
Leading them away from the truth and into diversions that profit them nothing
Nevertheless, Paul says he has better hope for them that they might recover from these deceptions
To help that process along, Paul takes specific aim at one of the Judaizers’ lies
Specifically, in vs.11-12 Paul denounces an accusation these men made against Paul himself
They claimed Paul had been preaching circumcision and keeping the Law to the Jews
But then when Paul came to Gentiles, he changed his story, thereby withholding the true Gospel
Of course, then the Judaizers claimed to be setting the record straight
This was a lie, but it was a convincing lie to Gentiles who didn’t respect Paul’s authority
Paul blows holes in their logic
He says if it were true he were preaching to Jews that circumcision and law were required for salvation, then why did Jews still persecute Paul?
The main objection the Jews had to the message of the Gospel was that salvation could be on the basis of faith and not by the Law of Moses
They objected to Paul’s claims that salvation was available to Gentiles without circumcision or Law
Paul says this truth was a stumbling block for the Jewish people, leading them to reject the Gospel altogether
But if Paul was, in fact, preaching that circumcision and Law were required, then certainly there would be no stumbling block
And then the Jews would have embraced the Gospel
And they certainly wouldn’t have persecuted Paul
In other words, the Judaizers’ accusation didn’t add up
And then in a rare display of strong language, Paul says he wished the men who advocate circumcision would mutilate themselves
What Paul says in the original Greek is quite graphic
Paul is saying that if these men believe a little cut to their foreskin made them more holy, then they should go all the way and cut the rest off too
If a little cut is good, then more would be better, according to the logic of their teaching
Do we need a more strongly worded denunciation of any attempt to impose Jewish law or custom on the Christian?
I think not
With that parting comment, Paul puts to rest his attack against the Judaizers and the error of trying to combine both grace and Law into a single plan of salvation
Now he moves to the opposite mistake Christians might make with regard to LawGal. 5:13 For you were called to freedom, brethren; only do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another.
The second error is the opposite problem of living as we have no restrictions on our behavior at all
What led Paul to go down this line of attack?
Perhaps he was concerned that his strong arguments against following the Jewish Law would lead Christians to adopt antinomianism
Antinomianism is a false doctrine that see Christians as living under no restrictions of law whatsoever
It becomes an opportunity to engage in sin thinking that we have liberty to do anything we wish
Or perhaps Paul was merely preempting the Judaizers from accusing him of teaching antinomianism
Perhaps the Judaizers would claim Paul was teaching Christians to live lawlessly
They could say that if the Mosaic Law (including the Ten Commandments) were null and void as Paul taught, then he would be inviting all manner of sin
Regardless of his motivation, Paul makes a clear statement against Christians abusing freedom
Paul says we cannot allow our freedom to become an opportunity for the flesh to lead us into sin
We have freedom to enjoy many activities, to associate with any person, to spend our time and money in many ways
We have freedom to eat and drink anything, including eating pork, shellfish and drinking alcohol
But our freedoms can become opportunities for us to pursue sin as well
We can stimulate lust for the wrong things, including eating or drinking too much
We can act in ways that offend others, including causing others to stumble by exercising our freedom carelessly
We can promote lust in others, we can promote greed or envy in others
In all cases, we are allowing the flesh to take over and drive us away from the Spirit’s influence
Rather than provoking lust, we must consider everything we do from a perspective of love for a brother or sister
We are to regard the needs of everyone else as equal to our own, and we live in such a way that we concern ourselves with how to love others
Guided by the Spirit in us, we seek to make godly and holy choices in the face of an infinite number of situations
Rather than acting without restraint, we act with great sensitivity to the needs and concerns of others in love for all
This standard is the furthest thing possible from antinomianism
It is self-restraint under the leading and conviction of the Spirit
This standard will take us far beyond anything the Mosaic Law established
The Law couldn’t mandate or even prescribe love
Yet Jesus said that everything the Law required is fulfilled by loving our neighbors as we love ourself
Clearly, if Jesus commanded us to the standard of love, yet the Law did not promote love, then Jesus was appealing to a better way than Law
And that way is by the Spirit through faith
Paul says if we attempt to live without love or self-restraint, we will devour one another, Paul says
Our liberty will become excuse to take what we want, to have what we want, and to live as we want – and all to the detriment of everyone else
We will bite each other in the sense of injuring each other
And we will consume one another in the sense that all fellowship will be destroyed and the body of Christ will fall apart at the seams
We won’t be able to stand being around one another
So Paul has explained that living under the Law is wrong and living without the Law is wrong, so how are we to live?
The answer, as we can already see, is to live by faith through the Spirit’s work in us
Paul’s words in this passage are a very short version of his teaching in Romans 7-8
He uses the metaphor of “walking” in the Spirit in the same way John does in his letters…living under the control of the Spirit
As long as we live in this sinful body, we will know and experience the draw of our flesh into sinful behaviors
But at the same time, we have the Spirit living in us telling us those desires are wrong and calling us to better choices
Every Christian knows both of these driving forces
Countless times a day we experience the flesh tempting us to do something that isn’t in keeping with love
From the simplest things like our laziness of throwing litter on the ground, leaving the toilet seat up, or failing to yield to another driver
To more significant things like breaking laws, cheating customers, lying to coworkers, or gossiping and slandering others
To the serious sins of sexual immorality, violence and idolatry in various forms
But at the same time, we know the voice of the Shepherd, who calls us by His Spirit to move away from these things even as we experience the draw of the flesh
When we first contemplate dropping that piece of litter or breaking that law or spreading that false word, it is then we also encountered an alternative thought
We felt an uneasiness and perhaps hesitated to think about our course of action in the moment
That’s the moment when you are hearing from the Spirit
We can’t say we don’t hear the Lord talking to us, because we all know that moment
Paul says the Spirit and flesh are always opposed to one another
Which means those split second moments of indecision or contemplation are the evidence of two forces pulling us in different directions (Romans 7)
The sinful plan of action formed in your flesh, and it wants to move forward
But then immediately a different thought came to mind
And in that moment, you’re making a decision about who to listen to
Example: As you leave the dish on the counter, you remember that it would be better to put it in the dishwasher
Either you go with the first thought or you move with the Spirit’s influence
One way shows love for yourself and the other shows love for God and others
One is sin, one is righteousness
We’ve all been there, but depending on how you’ve chosen to respond in the past, you may find one voice growing more persuasive over time while the other fades
If you have made a habit of listening to the flesh, then you will begin to deaden your sensitivity to the Spirit
So that when you face one of those split second decision moments, your hesitation will be even shorter
Your decision won’t seem as difficult
Your past pattern of giving in to the flesh will make your choice almost reflexive
Without any thought, you go with the familiar choice
Making sin a lifestyle
The Spirit never goes silent, but we can become practiced at ignoring Him – to our own destruction
On the other hand, we can become practiced at listening to the Spirit and disciplining the flesh
We take every opportunity to say yes to the Spirit and deny our flesh its desires
At the first sign of conflict between these two voices, we move quickly and with determination to follow the Spirit
Billy Graham told a story to illustrate the competition between the flesh and Spirit