Taught by
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Taught by
Stephen ArmstrongTonight we begin a verse-by-verse study through the Gospel of Matthew
I hope you’ll join us here weekly to walk side-by-side with our Lord, Jesus of Nazareth
Let’s learn all we can about Jesus so that we might serve Him all the more, both here in church and in the world
Beginning a study of any of the four Gospels in our Bible always requires some preliminary observations
During the 3+ years that Jesus ministered on earth, there were tens of thousands of people who witnessed His miracles and heard His teaching, so:
Theoretically, we could have many accounts of Jesus written by those eyewitnesses
But only the Holy Spirit can inspire or lead someone to author scripture, as Peter reminds us
So what we have in our Bibles, we have because God moved someone to write it. In God’s providence, only four men were moved by the Spirit to author an account of Jesus’ life on earth
And those four accounts are the first four books of the New Testament
Matthew, Mark, Luke and John (not to be confused with John, Paul, George and Ringo – if you don’t get that joke, it means you’re under the age of 50)
The first three Gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke) are structured very similarly
They all report the events of Jesus’ life on earth, ending with His death and resurrection
So naturally, these three Gospels report very similar things, as we would expect
In fact, they are often called the Synoptic Gospels because they are so similar in their perspectives
The word synoptic is Greek, meaning “to see together”
These Gospels are called synoptic because those authors share a similar view of Jesus’ life
But interestingly, two of three synoptic authors were not even disciples of Jesus; they never knew Him while He walked the earth
Matthew was one of the twelve Apostles, but Luke and Mark became Christians only after Jesus ascended into Heaven
So how could Luke and Mark have seen the same things that Matthew saw?
The answer is that they reported things through the eyes of others
Specifically, Mark was a traveling companion of the Apostle Peter while Luke was the companion of the Apostle Paul
So what Mark wrote in his Gospel is what Peter related to him from his experiences accompanying Jesus before His death and resurrection
And what Luke wrote in his Gospel, he received from Paul; and what Paul received, he gained from the encounters he had with Jesus after His resurrection
So the first three Gospels are similar because they record the experience of three men (Matthew, Mark and Luke) who were all eyewitnesses (or influenced by eyewitnesses) to the events of Jesus’ life
Nevertheless, these three Gospels are not identical, which causes some people to question their trustworthiness
For example, only Matthew’s and Luke’s Gospels include a genealogy of Jesus
But Luke’s genealogy is different than Matthew’s – and we would hardly expect genealogies to be different
And there are others differences across the first three Gospels
Which causes us to wonder if these differences mean we can’t trust the Gospel accounts
And in particular for our study, we should ask, “Why are Jesus’ genealogies different?”
Before I address the question of the genealogies specifically, let’s consider the general question of why differences exist at all and what does that say about the Gospels?
Imagine for a moment what if the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke were identical?
What if each book was word-for-word exactly the same as the other two?
Would there be any value in having the first three Gospels being identical works? Why would God want to inspire such repetition?
In fact, wouldn’t such perfection leave us suspicious?
Wouldn’t we assume that one author merely copied another?
If these books were exactly the same, wouldn’t we feel less confident in their inspiration, not more confident?
The Lord intentionally allowed each man’s personality and memory to play a part in the formation of each Gospel, yet without making mistakes and without contradictions. In doing so, we actually gain greater confidence in their accuracy
Imagine you’re a detective investigating the scene of a crime and you had four witnesses to the crime
You interview each witness separately and each one tells you exactly the same story, word-for-word
Would you find that a reassuring finding or cause for suspicion?
If their stories were identical, wouldn’t you assume the witnesses prearranged their testimonies?
It’s actually evidence of a conspiracy
In fact, in true detective work, if two witnesses have identical stories, they immediately think of it as a conspiracy
Instead, you would expect each person’s recollection to vary at least slightly from the others
Many of the things the witnesses reported would agree, but at least a few details would also differ
One person would recall details that the others overlooked and vice versa
In the end, the detective would find the true story by assimilating all four witnesses’ statements into a single account of what happened
Having multiple perspectives of the same event gives the detective a better understanding of what happened
And the differences between the accounts serve to fill in gaps in the other person’s testimony and add a different perspective
That’s why the Lord provided His Church with four different perspectives on Jesus’ life and words
Having four slightly different perspectives serves to increase our confidence in the authenticity of these accounts
And we gain the benefit of more information than one author could provide
Plus, the Lord could tailor each author’s presentation to appeal to a particular audience
Each Gospel author, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, wrote to record the events of Jesus life and ministry from his unique perspective
Mark wrote primarily to Romans of his day
Luke wrote to the wider Gentile audience
Matthew wrote to Jews dispersed throughout the empire
And John’s Gospel is very different from the others because he wrote his account decades after the first three
So he purposely chose to focus on certain events the other writers overlooked
So when we find one Gospel’s account of Jesus’ life differing from others, we combine and assimilate the accounts to gain a single record
We accept the reality that one author noticed or remembered things the others overlooked
And even if one account seems to contradict another, we have to work from the assumption that both accounts are true
Therefore, we seek a way to reconcile them, and there’s always a way to reconcile them
We can do this safely because we know the Bible is the inspired word of God
The same God Who spoke the Universe into existence also spoke these words to us – He just used a man to record them for us
The same God who designed the forces of nature, gave life to everything and made the sun to rise each morning also shared His thoughts with you and me in this book
There is no misplaced word in this book, nothing is approximate, nothing is in error, everything is in harmony
So if we can’t make sense of something here, it’s not because the Bible lacks sense
It’s because we lack understanding
The Bible was written by an omniscient God, and our finite minds can’t absorb all that an infinite God can reveal
But in time, if we submit to His word and allow the Spirit to instruct us through it, the Lord will make things clear to us
For He delights to reveal Himself to those who sit at His feet with open hearts
But as Jesus says:
So how do we understand the genealogy presented here in Matthew’s Gospel? What’s its purpose in the account of Jesus?
Both Matthew and Luke recorded genealogies for Jesus
And interestingly, Matthew and Luke are also the only two Gospels to record Jesus’ birth story
Obviously, it makes sense that the two authors who chose to relate the birth story of Jesus also took an interest in His genealogy. So the two are connected –
And this connection also explains why their two genealogies are different
To see why, we need to remember Matthew’s connection to Jesus
Matthew was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus who were elevated to apostle, so like the rest of the apostles he was introduced to Jesus near the beginning of Jesus’ ministry – right after the baptism of John
And like the rest of the apostles, Matthew knew nothing of Jesus prior to His baptism
In fact, Jesus spent his first 30 years of life on earth living and working in obscurity in a backwater region of the Galilee
So even if Jesus and Matthew had crossed paths during those years, Matthew wouldn’t have given Jesus a second look
So neither Matthew nor Luke had first-hand knowledge of Jesus’ birth, much less His family genealogy
So how did they gain all this information about His birth?
If we compare Matthew and Luke, we find they are written from the perspective of two different eyewitnesses
In Matthew’s Gospel, we find intimate details of Joseph’s experience, while in Luke we find intimate details of Mary’s experience
In Matthew, we learn Joseph’s inner thoughts, yet Matthew has no record of Mary’s thoughts
Conversely, in Luke’s account we learn what Mary was thinking but there’s no record of Joseph’s thoughts
In Matthew’s account, we’re given a description of what the angel told Joseph, but no mention of an angel visiting Mary
In Luke, we have a description of what the angel told Mary, but no mention of an angel appearing to Joseph
So evidently, Joseph was Matthew’s source for the backstory on Jesus’ genealogy and birth, while Mary was Luke’s source
So naturally, each author’s account reflects the perspective of their respective source
The genealogy in Matthew is the genealogy of Joseph’s family
While the genealogy recorded in Luke was Mary’s family genealogy
Mary was likely still alive when Luke wrote his Gospel, so he could have interviewed Mary
While Matthew probably received Joseph’s account secondhand, perhaps from Joseph’s other sons (most assume Joseph was dead by the time Jesus began His ministry because there’s no mention of him)
Knowing this, we read Matthew’s genealogy understanding he was telling a story through it from Joseph’s perspective – not as the father of Jesus, but as the husband of Mary
Turning to the genealogy itself, a genealogy is like a family tree, listing generations over time
Many people today are interested in knowing their family origins
There are websites that help you learn your ancestry
Most of us are drawn to the mystery and wonder of discovering our connections to people from the past
But it’s not the size of our family tree that matters
It’s how many nuts you find hanging on it…and every family has some
But for a Jew, keeping genealogy records wasn’t merely a hobby, it was a crucially important part of being Jewish
God assigned the Jewish nation a special place among the nations of the world
He made covenants with that people and gave promises to the nation as a whole
Those covenants and promises were inherited through these family lines
The most important promise God gave Israel was to bring a Messiah, a Savior for the world, through the Jewish nation
So it was all important for the Jewish people to maintain a certain understanding of who was truly Jewish
And genealogy records were used for that very purpose
For example, when the Jews were preparing to return to Israel to re-establish themselves in the land of Judah after spending 70 years in exile in Babylon, some couldn’t prove their ancestral origins
If you claimed to be a Jew, much more a priest or an heir to the throne of David, it was necessary to prove your claim
Therefore, the Jews kept scrupulous genealogies for every tribe stored and carefully preserved in the temple in Jerusalem for centuries
Similar to the Library of Congress, these records were open to the public, for any Jew to inspect their records or the records of others
So Matthew opens his Jewish Gospel with Jesus’ genealogy on Joseph’s side and he does so to prove something about Jesus’ claims
We have no reason to doubt Matthew’s genealogy
Because in his day it would have been easy to verify or refute Jesus’ genealogy
Anyone could simply visit the archives in the temple and look it up
Yet there is no historical record of anyone disputing the accuracy of Matthew’s record of Jesus’ genealogy
So as we look at the names in this list, the question we need to answer is what was Matthew trying to prove about Jesus with this genealogy?
We find our answer by starting with a few observations of the names we find in the list
First, we see in v.2 that the list begins with Abraham
Matthew uses the man’s covenant name, Abraham, and not his given name, Abram
Back in v.1, Matthew introduced the genealogy by calling it the record of Jesus, the son of Abraham
God made a covenant with Abram promising to bring a nation of people from his seed, meaning from his family line
And through this line, God says He would bring a certain Person to bless all nations, both Jewish and Gentile – and we know that was the promise of Jesus
God changed Abram’s name to Abraham to mark His promise
So beginning the genealogy with Abraham and calling Jesus the son of Abraham testifies that Jesus is the fulfillment of God’s promises to Abraham
Secondly, Matthew also identifies Jesus as the son of David in v.1
Why mention David’s name at all, especially before Abraham’s name?
It’s not very Jewish, because they always think of the father having greater authority than the son. Abraham had greater authority than anyone who came from him, including David
Once again, David received covenant promises from God concerning an eternal dynasty
The Lord promised David He would raise up a ruler from David’s family line to rule Israel and the world forever
Therefore, inserting David’s name before Abraham’s name indicates that Jesus fulfills both covenants
Jesus is the son of David, meaning Jesus was the promised King coming in fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant
And Jesus is the son of Abraham because He is the promised Seed sent to bless all nations, not just Israel
They are in this order because the Davidic covenant is uniquely Jewish – it is for the Jewish people; whereas the Abrahamic covenant is for all peoples. He puts the Jewish covenant first and the one that covers Gentiles second
Thirdly, as Matthew tells us in v.17, we see that he arranged Jesus’ genealogy into three groups of fourteen names
By comparing his genealogy to others in the Old Testament, we find that Matthew intentionally left out several names in Jesus’ genealogy while adding a few names we wouldn’t expect to find
For example, five kings in Jesus’ family line are missing while four women have been added, which was uncommon
We might think that missing names would invalidate Matthew’s genealogy, but the practice of skipping a generation here or there in genealogies was common in Judaism
Jews understood that jumping over a generation didn’t invalidate a genealogy so long as the other names were accurate
For example, if I skipped your grandfather in your family tree but I included your great grandfather and father correctly, then your genealogy is still accurate
So Jews commonly left out names to produce numeric symmetry or to provide commentary on a family tree
In Matthew’s case, he wanted to achieve both
So he dropped some of Jesus’ ancestors to yield three groups of fourteen names to make a point
And he inserted four women to make a second point
Matthew is pointing us to the themes of his Gospel, and we can see them clearly in v.1
First, Matthew wants to show us that Jesus is the fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant, the promised eternal King of Israel
Hebrew names can be assigned numeric values by adding up the numeric value of each individual letter in the name
We’re told that the numeric value of the antichrist will be 666
And the numeric value of Jesus’ full name is 749 (7 and 7x7)
If we add up the Hebrew numbers for David’s Hebrew name we arrive at the number 14
So Matthew arranged his genealogy into three groups of 14 to speak out the name David three times
Jesus is the eternal David, the King God promised to bring His people
In fact, notice in v.17 how Matthew connects his first and second groups of names by mentioning David again
There were 14 generations (in Matthew’s list) between Abraham to David
And there were 14 more from David to the Babylonian captivity
For 14 generations, David’s descendants held power and for 14 generations they lost it
You can’t help but notice David’s prominence in this list, nor can you miss the point
After fourteen generations, a son of David has come to rule again
Secondly, Matthew draws our attention to Jesus fulfilling Abraham’s promise too
Notice that the four women inserted into the list were all Gentile women
Tamar and Rahab were Canaanites
Ruth was a Moabitess
Bathsheba was a Hittite
And three of these women were guilty of sexual sin of one kind or another
Matthew includes four Gentile women in Jesus’ genealogy to testify that Jesus fulfills God’s promise to Abraham to save Gentiles, too
Once again, notice how his second and third groups of 14 are connected by mention of the Jews’ Babylonian captivity
The Babylonian captivity was a result of Israel’s rebellion against the Lord
Through the prophets Jeremiah and Daniel, the Lord declared He was placing Israel under judgment for a time to give opportunity to Gentiles
This judgment period would culminate with the Messiah coming to rescue Israel after setting up His kingdom
So Matthew’s genealogy has been carefully constructed to introduce two themes
First, Jesus was the fulfillment of the promise God gave David to bring Israel a king
And secondly, He was the fulfillment of the promise God gave Abraham to bless all nations
David’s name is listed first in v.1 because Jesus came to the Jews first, as their King offering a kingdom in fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant
And Abraham’s name is listed second because after the Jews rejected Jesus and the kingdom, Jesus would turn to Gentiles in fulfillment of the Abrahamic Covenant
We will see Matthew develop these themes in his Gospel
Finally, notice the way Matthew finishes his genealogy of Jesus
In v.16 he describes Joseph as the husband of Mary, by whom Jesus was born
He doesn’t call Joseph Jesus’ father, which makes sense because we know Joseph wasn’t the biological father of Jesus
Mary was a virgin before she gave birth to Jesus
So although Joseph assumed legal responsibility for Jesus, he was not Jesus’ biological father
Therefore, while Jesus was Joseph’s heir, He was not Joseph’s descendant
He only shared a physical relationship with His mother, Mary
As you look at Mary’s genealogy in Luke’s Gospel, you find that Mary also descended from David
So Jesus is an heir to the throne through His father and a biological descendant of David through His mother’s genealogy
So why did Matthew want us to know that Jesus was not physically related to Joseph? Wouldn’t that hurt his case that Jesus was the rightful king of Israel?
Actually, it strengthens Matthew’s argument to a Jewish reader who knew their Old Testament
Back in Jeremiah 22:30 the Lord pronounced a curse on one line of David’s descendants, on a king named Jeconiah
God cursed the king for his disobedience declaring that no descendant of Jeconiah would ever sit on the throne of David again
If you look at v.11, you see that Joseph is a descendant of this cursed king
So if Jesus had been a physical descendant of Joseph, then Jesus would have been prevented by that curse from occupying the throne of David
Matthew couldn’t ignore this fact
As I said earlier, any Jew could have easily looked up Jesus’ family tree and learned of this connection
And you can be sure Jesus’ critics certainly would have pointed to this connection to discredit Him if they could
So Matthew preempts any criticism by providing Joseph’s genealogy, but doing so demonstrates that Jesus was not a blood relative of Joseph
Through Joseph, Jesus meets the requirements to be an heir to the throne
And through Mary, Jesus meets the requirement to be a physical descendant
But Mary’s genealogy doesn’t go through Jeconiah, clearing Jesus of the curse
So according to Matthew, Jesus is the King promised to Israel and the Savior promised to the world
A few years ago a Jewish doctor living on the East Coast was invited to a special church service by a Christian friend
The Christian man was suffering from a mysterious paralysis and had been confined to a wheel chair
His church scheduled a prayer service for his healing
So the man invited his family and friends to attend the service
He also invited a work colleague, a Jewish doctor, who had never set foot in a Christian church before
On the night of the service, the doctor arrived and took a seat in a pew
He quietly observed the proceedings with little understanding of what was going on
Until at a point near the end of the service the pastor issued an open invitation for anyone else to receive prayer
And at that moment and quite to his surprise, the Jewish doctor suddenly felt compelled to stand up and walk forward
As he reached the front, he stopped without saying a word waiting while a few elders gathered around him in prayer
The elders prayed over the doctor without even knowing his request, just allowing the Spirit to direct their intercession
The doctor remained silent through the prayer with his head bowed, and when they finished, he returned to his seat
In that moment the Jewish doctor felt a love he had never known before
It seemed to be everywhere in the room and in himself at the same time
After the service ended, he left the church without telling anyone what he had experienced
But in the days that followed he couldn’t shake the feeling, so he began a search for answers
He searched for someone or something that could explain what he encountered in that Christian church
He consulted his Jewish friends, he searched the Internet, he even called upon a Catholic priest in a downtown cathedral
No one could explain his feelings of awakening and love
So, out of ideas, the doctor ventured into a Christian book store and asked for a copy of the Christian Bible
This doctor had been raised in a strict Jewish home, so he had been taught all his life to despise Christianity and the Bible
Most Jews have never read the New Testament
So they imagine it gives instructions on how to build stained glass buildings or how to kill Jews
So as the doctor stared at the bookshelf of Bibles, he couldn’t help feeling he was betraying his heritage and his people by consulting the manual of his enemies
Nevertheless, something inside him, something stronger than hate and more compelling than loyalty, was calling him to read it
So that Jewish doctor went home, opened the New Testament, and began reading at the beginning…in the Gospel of Matthew
And as he read chapter after chapter, his eyes opened wider, his heart beat faster
Instead of finding hatred and prejudice against the Jewish people, he was shocked to find a very Jewish story
He found an account of a humble servant sent to Israel with a salvation promised for all nations
And at that moment the Jewish Doctor realized Jesus was his Messiah
No human being preached the Gospel to this man
The Lord preached it to him directly through His word and the Spirit of God brought it to life in his heart
In that moment, the doctor was born again by faith in Jesus Christ
I share that true story with you because it powerfully illustrates three unique qualities of the Gospel of Matthew
First, Matthew wrote his account to persuade a Jewish audience, people like the Jewish doctor
Matthew was a Jewish tax collector, who Jesus called to be an apostle, one of Jesus’ chief disciples
Matthew was not looking for a Savior, but the Savior found him
So he wrote his account specifically for Jewish readers of his day, men and women who had also overlooked Jesus
And even after 2,000 years, his Gospel is still reaching Jewish men…men like the Jewish doctor
Secondly, Matthew’s Gospel emphasizes the faithfulness of a sovereign God to fulfill His promises to bless Israel and the world through a Savior
God foretold everything that happens in this Gospel, by and large, through the prophets
And He carried everything out precisely as He promised He would, even the death of His Son
His challenge was to explain to the people in the moment that His death wasn’t an end – it was a beginning
Which is why my doctor friend felt so convicted by the Gospel of Matthew
He saw the Lord at work through Jesus to fulfill Old Testament prophecies, promises he had been taught since he was a child
Finally, the most important connection between Matthew’s Gospel and my friend’s story…this account was written to save souls
This isn’t merely an ancient historical account or a Jewish version of a campfire story
Matthew didn’t write this to stimulate your mind or tickle your funny bone
It was written to change your heart…to move us out of darkness and into the light of a salvation through faith in Jesus Christ as Messiah
Which is what He did for that Jewish doctor, who discovered a Jesus Who died for his sins and was resurrected to give him hope for eternal life
We want any who hears these words to know the truth of Jesus as Messiah. No matter where you come from, no matter what you’ve heard about Jesus before, no matter how you’ve perceived Him from what others have said
No matter what you’ve done, no matter how many mistakes you’ve made, no matter how bad those mistakes are
In fact, the worse you are, the more you need Him – that’s not cause to think you’re unworthy, that’s cause to embrace Him
He came for you because you’re not perfect, because you made mistakes
The standard for Heaven, according to Paul in Romans 3, is perfection. The Glory of God. Equaling Him. Do you think you’re equal to God?
The story of this book is that we too can be forgiven of our sins by a God who sent His only begotten Son to die for that reason
Jesus died on the cross to be your Savior
All your sins, everything you’ve ever done, wiped clean by that one sacrifice
That one sacrifice, and our faith in it, is all God requires
So that the penalty God requires for sin would fall on Christ instead of you
If only you would receive that free gift, if you would call upon His name, the Bible promises you will be saved
Jesus says that anyone who comes to Him, He will not cast out but will give eternal life
Come to Him today if you don’t already know Him as Messiah